Distributions
Linux Distributions
A distribution (or short,distro) is a collection of software on top of a Linux kernel. A distro can bundle software, system management tools, documentation in a central repository.
A distro aims to provide a common look and feel, secure and easy software management and often a specific operational purpose.
Let's take a look at some popular distributions.
RedHat
Red Hat is a billion dollar commercial Linux company that puts a lot of effort in developing Linux. They have hundreds of Linux specialists and are known for their excellent support.
Debian
There is no company behind Debian. Instead there are thousands of well organized developers that elect a Debian Project Leader every two years. Debian is seen as one of the most stable Linux distributions.
Arch
Arch Linux's installation is done by entering commands manually. This can be scary for beginners. It's nature makes it perfect for learning Linux. Arch programs are always the latest version.
Fedora
Fedora is a distro with faster updates but without support. It is used as the testing ground for features that eventually get incorporated into Red Hat.
Ubuntu
Ubuntu is meant to be an easy to use graphical Linux desktop without need to ever see a command line.
Which to choose ?
Below are some opinions on some of the most popular Linux Distributions. Keep in mind that any of the below Linux distributions can be a stable server and a nice graphical desktop client.
| Distribution | Reason(s) for using |
|---|---|
| Red Hat | You want stability and a good support contract |
| CentOS | You want Red Hat without the support contract |
| Fedora | You want Red Hat on your laptop/desktop |
| Debian | You want a wide range of packages and stability |
| Ubuntu | You want Debian on the desktop |
| Kali | You want a pointy-clicky hacking interface :) |
| Arch | You want the latest programs |
| Others | Advanced users may prefer Arch, Gentoo, OpenSUSE, Scientific, ... |
Choosing one
If you are new to Linux, go for Ubuntu or Fedora. If you only want to practice the Linux command line then install Debian or CentOS. (without graphical interface).